本节综述了地理空间分析领域的最新进展，重点探讨多源数据如何推动城市地理空间模型从经典机器学习发展至深度学习与地理人工智能（GeoAI）。我们强调了数据多样性方面的关键技术及其对城市分析与解释的影响。遥感（RS）技术利用传感器与摄影测量基础设施，从地表采集大量静态与动态地理空间数据，由此形成空间大数据（SBD）。

This section reviews recent advances in geospatial analysis, focusing on how multi-sourced data has shaped the urban geospatial models from classical machine learning to deep learning and GeoAI. We highlight key techniques in data diversity and their impact on urban analysis and interpretation. RS technologies collect extensive geospatial data (both static and dynamic) from the ground surface using sensors and photogrammetric infrastructure, leading to spatial big data (SBD).