可持续城市发展的核心挑战在于平衡高城市密度带来的权衡取舍。通过分析瑞典哥德堡30个样点的鸟类物种丰富度和组成，我们探讨了在密集或紧凑的城市区域中支持生物多样性的可行性。这些样点代表了三种城市形态类型（两种紧凑型、一种密集型）以及植被丰富的参考区域。

A central challenge for sustainable urban development is balancing the trade-offs of high urban density. We examined whether biodiversity can be supported within dense or compact urban areas by analyzing bird species richness and composition across 30 sites in Gothenburg, Sweden, representing three urban form types (two compact and one dense) and reference areas with abundant vegetation.