欧洲湿地储存着大量碳储量¹，但数个世纪以来的土地利用已导致碳储量和生物多样性退化²。欧盟《自然恢复法》（Nature Restoration Law, NRL）³要求，到2030年至少修复30%未处于“良好状态”的湿地生态系统；然而，关于湿地类型及其状态的空间一致信息仍十分匮乏。本研究利用10米分辨率卫星影像与机器学习方法，在38个欧洲国家范围内绘制了六类半自然开阔湿地类型及土地利用扰动图谱。

European wetlands store large carbon reserves1, but centuries of land use have eroded carbon stocks and biodiversity2. The European Union (EU) Nature Restoration Law (NRL)3 requires at least 30% of wetland ecosystems not in ‘good condition’ to be restored by 2030, yet spatially consistent information on wetland types and condition remains scarce. Using 10-m satellite imagery and machine learning, we map six seminatural open wetland types and land-use disturbance across 38 European countries.