公共空间常被设想为具有普遍适用性，但其实际可及性却存在显著差异。对许多女性而言，穿行于城市之中意味着持续评估自身暴露程度、可见性、与他人距离、照明条件、交通可达性、逃生路径以及遭受骚扰的可能性。这些判断既受社会因素影响，也深受空间条件塑造。安全问题涉及城市形态、设施维护、交通流动性、治理机制以及公共投资的分配。尽管建成环境本身未必直接导致基于性别的暴力，但它可能加剧个体的脆弱性，并使公共空间的不平等使用常态化，尤其体现在女性对公共空间的获取受限方面。

Public space is often intended to be perceived as universal, but access is unevenly experienced . For many women , moving through the city involves a continuous assessment of exposure , visibility, proximity to others, lighting, transport access, escape routes and the likelihood of harassment. These calculations are shaped by spatial conditions as much as social ones . Safety is a question of urban form, maintenance, mobility, governance and the distribution of public investment. While the built environment may not cause gender-based violence, it can intensify vulnerability and normalize unequal access, especially to public spaces .