排屋（shotgun house）兴起于19世纪的港口城市及工人阶级社区，是对高密度、炎热气候与局促城市地块的一种持久回应，成为美国南部最具代表性的住宅类型之一。其狭长的平面、线性排列的空间序列以及深挑檐的门廊，形成了一种在‘经济性’与‘环境响应性’尚未成为建筑学核心概念之前便已具备的、兼具经济与生态适应性的空间逻辑。从新奥尔良、莫比尔到休斯顿、路易维尔，排屋构成了由人口迁徙、劳动实践、社群组织与文化生活所塑造的邻里物质肌理。尽管常被视作普通、自发的民间建造，这一住宅类型实则长期承载着关于气候适应、社会邻近性及渐进式城市增长的精妙理念，使其成为美国城市发展史上最具影响力的住宅形式之一。

Emerging in port cities and working-class neighborhoods throughout the nineteenth century, the shotgun house became a durable response to density, climate, and constrained urban parcels, becoming one of the defining domestic forms of the Southern United States . Its narrow footprint, sequential plan, and deeply shaded porches produced a spatial logic that was economical and environmentally responsive before either term became central to architectural discourse. From New Orleans and Mobile to Houston and Louisville, shotgun houses formed the physical fabric of neighborhoods shaped by migration, labor, community, and cultural life. Though often dismissed as ordinary, vernacular construction, the housing typology has long embodied sophisticated ideas about climate adaptation, social adjacency, and incremental urban growth, making it one of the most influential domestic forms in the history of the American city.