本研究提出一种优化模型，以支持一体化公共交通系统设计中的决策制定，旨在提升城市交通流动性。我们假设用户日常出行包含两类路段：短途路段（用户自行完成住所或工作地至公共交通接驳点之间的出行）和长途路段（在公共交通网络上的出行）。通过为短途路段设定最大出行时间上限，保障用户的可达性；同时，仅考虑位于给定覆盖半径内的用户使用该系统。另一方面，通过限制公共交通网络上的出行时间，确保系统运行效率。本文提出了两种混合整数线性规划模型及一种数学启发式求解方法，并通过计算实验评估其求解效率。实验结果可用于分析所得解的结构，并考察所涉参数的影响。

This work introduces an optimization model to support decision-making in the design of integrated transit systems, with the aim of improving urban mobility. We assume that daily user trips consist of two types of segments: short segments where users apply their own transport between their homes or workplaces and the public transit access points, and a longer segment on the transportation network. Users' accessibility is ensured by imposing an upper limit on the travel times of the short segments. We assume that only users within a given coverage radius will employ the system. On the other hand, system effectiveness is ensured by limiting travel time on the transportation network. Two mixed-integer linear programming formulations and a matheuristic procedure are proposed, and their efficiency is evaluated through computational experiments. The results allow us to study the structure of the solutions obtained and analyze the effects of the parameters considered.