本文详细描述并表征了一个新型开源车辆轨迹数据集 SWIFTraj，该数据集由配备 5.4K 分辨率相机的 16 架无人机组成的机群所拍摄视频构建而成。该数据集在多个方面区别于现有开源轨迹数据集：其一，它提供了长达 4.5 公里的高速公路连续长距离轨迹，支持对交通现象及其时空演化进行深入研究；其二，数据采集地点覆盖一条长距离高速公路走廊及其相连的部分城市路网所构成的集成网络，有利于从网络视角开展交通分析与建模。本文全面探讨了该数据集在交通研究中的潜在应用，包括多尺度下的交通流分析、建模与控制，以及与自动驾驶相关的一系列课题。最后，SWIFTraj 作为完全免费开放的开源数据集发布，以支持并加速交通领域未来的研究进展。该数据集可通过 SWIFTraj 官方网站（https://www.swiftraj.com）公开获取。

This paper presents a detailed description and characterization of a new open-source vehicle trajectory dataset, namely SWIFTraj, constructed from videos recorded by a swarm of 16 drones equipped with 5.4K-resolution cameras. The dataset is distinguished from existing open-source trajectory datasets in several aspects. First, it provides long-distance continuous trajectories of up to 4.5 km on a freeway, enabling in-depth investigation of traffic phenomena and their spatial and temporal evolution. Second, the data collection site covers an integrated network consisting of a long freeway corridor and parts of its connected urban network, facilitating traffic analysis and modeling from a network perspective. The potential applications of the dataset for transportation research, including traffic flow analysis, modeling, and control at multiple scales, as well as topics related to autonomous driving, are thoroughly discussed. Finally, SWIFTraj is released as a freely accessible open-source dataset to support and accelerate future research in the transportation community. The dataset is publicly available at the SWIFTraj website (https://www.swiftraj.com).