工业共生通过在工业主体网络间建立副产品与废弃物的循环体系，旨在最大化经济效益的同时最小化环境压力。在此类网络中，整体环境压力不再等于各主体环境压力之和，而是取决于网络整体运行效率。目前，理解、管理或优化此类网络的方法仍是一个开放性问题。本文提出一种用于模拟工业主体间副产品流动的仿真模型，旨在从宏观视角建立共生交换的建模方法。该模型考虑了两种主要机制对共生过程多目标优化的影响：首先，能够研究经济系统地理属性的作用，即主体在空间上的分布情况；其次，能够分析基于距离将互补主体聚类的效应，通过主体副产品间的空间相关性实现。仿真结果揭示了对宏观政策具有重要意义的模式：第一，地理属性是影响共生过程宏观表现的重要因素；第二，空间相关性（可解释为如生态工业园区等规划集群）可显著提升宏观绩效，但仅在严格实施条件下才能实现；第三，通过将模型与欧洲污染物排放与转移登记数据库中的真实数据进行对比，并利用数据集中企业位置的地理编码信息，提供了概念验证。本研究为交互式研究开辟了新的可能性。

Industrial symbiosis involves creating integrated cycles of by-products and waste between networks of industrial actors in order to maximize economic value, while at the same time minimizing environmental strain. In such a network, the global environmental strain is no longer equal to the sum of the environmental strain of the individual actors, but it is dependent on how well the network performs as a whole. The development of methods to understand, manage or optimize such networks remains an open issue. In this paper we put forward a simulation model of by-product flow between industrial actors. The goal is to introduce a method for modelling symbiotic exchanges from a macro perspective. The model takes into account the effect of two main mechanisms on a multi-objective optimization of symbiotic processes. First it allows us to study the effect of geographical properties of the economic system, said differently, where actors are divided in space. Second, it allows us to study the effect of clustering complementary actors together as a function of distance, by means of a spatial correlation between the actors' by-products. Our simulations unveil patterns that are relevant for macro-level policy. First, our results show that the geographical properties are an important factor for the macro performance of symbiotic processes. Second, spatial correlations, which can be interpreted as planned clusters such as Eco-industrial parks, can lead to a very effective macro performance, but only if these are strictly implemented. Finally, we provide a proof of concept by comparing the model to real world data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register database using georeferencing of the companies in the dataset. This work opens up research opportunities in interactive data-driven models and platforms to support real-world implementation of industrial symbiosis.